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Don't be blind to what others are doing and what they know about what you are up to AT FROM: 
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/17/health/genetics/17CELL.html

United States patent 6,200,806, a claim to the human embryonic stem cell.

The patent, held by a foundation at the University of Wisconsin, is apparently the only one of its kind in the world, leaving the university in such a powerful position that next week the health officials will begin negotiations in hopes of reaching an agreement to allow federally financed scientists broad access to the cells.

The patent, which covers both the method of isolating the cells and the cells themselves, gives the Wisconsin foundation control over who may work in the United States with stem cells, and for what purpose. In turn, the foundation has granted important rights to a biotechnology company, the Geron Corporation of Menlo Park, Calif., giving that company considerable say over who ultimately profits from stem cell therapies.

This complex tangle of intellectual-property rights and contracts is now a pressing concern at the National Institutes of Health, the agency charged with putting President Bush's plan into effect. Next week, representatives from the foundation, the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, or WARF, are to meet with officials at the institutes to take the first steps toward negotiating access to stem cells.

Is a tadpole a frog? 

Is a caterpillar a butterfly?  Is an acorn a tree? During the stages of development of the human embryo it looks like a frog with a tail then a chicken only after time does it take on human characteristics.  Embryonic development mirrors evolution. 

Now imagine that there are cell factories.  These plants produce nerve cells for the brain, heart cells, and pancreatic cells, in mass. Cells will divide from 50 to 80 times then become old.  That is a geometric progression 2,4,8,16, 32 to billions but with limits.  Imagine an 80-year-old dementia patient, a 78-year-old heart, and the millions with Parkinson’s, Hoskins, and many very expensive complex technology such as cloning and bone marrow transplant technology. What a social, moral political crisis.      

 

One of the most important scientific issues in the stem cell research is how genes are programs. Reproductive cells - the egg and sperm are special - they split with only one half the whole code with the program to join the other half which is NOT identical. The programming takes a long time - a couple of weeks in mice, months in humans. The joined material then set up a new program to generate a sack, a placenta, an umbilical cord and an embryo. In cloning a whole non specialized DNA program is inserted and must be reprogrammed to take the path to an embryo.
 
The idea of DNA as a programmable set of instruction is different from the idea that genes have specific functions. We had an idea that a gene did one thing - blue eyes - five fingers - but more likely there is a set of "programs" that fire off a collections of genes to create functions - peptides and neuron transmitters are interactive or program instructions. Stem cells are encouraged to program themselves into various cells - brain, liver, or any type by contact with other cells and enzyme. Cloned cells contain the RNA and microbial DNA outside the nuclei of the cell from the donor and makes a perfect match.

The visible structure was called the "primitive streak" by early embryologists. Biologists now know that it is at this time, some 14 days after fertilization, that specific genes are switched on, like goosecoid and brachyury, cordin and noggin — fanciful names devised by those who first found their counterparts in the fruitfly. Is the true beginning of life the moment when the goosecoid gene is first transcribed?

http://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/17/health/genetics/17CELL.html
 http://nt.excite.com/ntd.dcg?UID=A61BAC843351654C&page=show&topic=embryonic%20stem%20%28ES%29%20cells&sb=summary
 
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/15/health/genetics/15LIFE.html
 

But 100,000's of embryos have been destroyed routinely at fertility clinics for decades, long before the prospect of stem cell research came along.

For some reason, perhaps the relatively recent origin of the human species, many human embryos are imperfect and fail to develop or implant properly in the wall of the uterus. Fertility clinics typically generate eight or nine embryos per pregnancy, of which only the healthiest looking are implanted. The rest are stored, and ultimately, most are destroyed.

When you start with silly dumb assumption it just gets silly and more silly - GIGO - it is silly i.e. stupid to think that people start at conception - it is a theory forced by the abortion positions which are extreme in themselves. Humans have soul ? A spirit ? a personality ? not a collection of cells that fit on the head of a pin !
 
They are working on ways to coax unfertilized eggs to grow into embryos that produce stem cells — the very cells that have raised so much hope for their potential to cure disease.

If successful, these researchers would create a human embryo without sperm, and, therefore, without conception — that landmark often cited as the start of human life. Would this embryo be considered a human being? Would destroying it be immoral? Even groups devoted to protecting human embryos are stumped.

BresaGen CyThera Karolinska Monash Biological Sciences Bangalore Reliance Life Sciences in Mumbai (Bombay)Technion-Israel Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation BresaGen Inc. of Athens, Georgia; CyThera Inc. of San Diego, California; Karolinska Institute of Stockholm, Sweden; Monash University in Australia; the National Center for Biological Sciences in Bangalore, India; Reliance Life Sciences in Mumbai (Bombay), India; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel; the University of California at San Francisco; Goteborg University in Goteborg, Sweden; and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation in Madison, Wisconsin.


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While most Americans are uncomfortable with genetic research in general,
almost all see its value.  It really isn't about *stem cells* but about
embryonic research that destroys embryos.It turns out 100,000's are destroyed all the time - you will never get anywhere on this issue if you try to be logical or reasonable. Logic and reason have nothing to do with it - passion, politics, power, money lots of elements but science, logic, reason, formal doctrine or theology have no place in the understanding of the stem cell dispute and are only being used to support other more basic desires. Bush only pretended to think or reason - he calculated and shadow boxed and got away with it.

Right now this issue of embryo-destructive research follows roughly the same
pattern as does the culture war:  50:50.  Abortion, same-sex marriage, gay
couples adopting children, and now embryonic research -- its all about
50:50.  So was the last election.  We really are divided in half.

Neither conservatives nor liberals are constituted by a preponderance of the
poor and ignorant.  The issue is how Republican take advantage of the many ignorant to vote against their economic interests. The many votes the Democrats fool with false promises, sudden changes in position, and private deceptions and public lies is not the case in point. The environmentalist, some civil rights people, some labor could feel deceived by democrats.
 
The only strong correlations are that liberals tend to
live in cities and along the coasts while conservatives tend to live inland,
in suburbs and rural.  Ignorant poor city dwellers vote democratic (although
they too are socially conservative!)  Ignorant poor rural people vote
Republican.  The only other strong correlation is that conservatives tend to
be better church attendees.  But even that may be regional.RIGHT

Democratic thinkers live largely in liberal enclaves and imagine that most
people are pro-choice, pro gay, etc.  You hear this often from people like
Tom Daschle and you hear it in the media.  Al Gore fell into the trap.  They
slip into the assumption that their opposition is stupid, scared, silly.
This wooly headedness is responsible for democratic losses at the ballot
box, since most Americans still report a Democratic affiliation. Right - the new democrats and third way leadership conference like to avoid this issues - slip around them -

Republican thinkers also live in liberal enclaves.  Because of the stigma
these conservative leaders deal with on a daily basis, they tend to think of
themselves as in the minority.  So they are scrappy -- hungry.  Nevertheless
they know a little secret:  the grassroots culture of America is socially
conservative and mildly concerned about the future of the social order.
Their mistake is to assume that their base is all with them on every issue.
(Newt Gingrich made this mistake).  Most conservatives will be liberal on
one out of five issues, for example.  When they hear a candidate take a
rigid position on the wrong issue they shudder. Not in Jupiter inlet or Hope sound - the bit time financial Republicans go to the same clubs and agree with each other at Bohemian Grove, the cattle and oil clubs, the citrus club, the Union league, the Skull and Bones, where the money comes from then hires professional to fool most of the people most of the time by slick marketing and negative commercials.

During the Cold War, winning candidates for President were always people who
could be trusted with the nuclear arsenal:  usually Republicans so long as
they weren't perceived as too wacky, like Goldwater, or too bumbling, like
Ford.  Today, those who win elections are always those who move to the
center on social issues.  Democrats who win have been those who do NOT live
in liberal enclaves and who understand the traditional feelings of the
majority of the nation.  Why do centrists win?  Because the electorate
generally can look beyond their own beliefs to what they know is best for
the country: moderation and sanity. RIGHT like Arkansas, North Dakota ( Gore is not from Tennessee but D.C.)

Personally I thought Bush looked like a deer in the headlights during his
stem cell address. He does do that - I agree I was really uncomfortable for him and thought it was
stylistically atrocious.  But his poll numbers shot up.  Why?  He took what
most considered to be a reasonably moderate position, and one that could be
adjusted in the future if the research begins to produce.  Had he had to
make the decision, Clinton would have made a similar compromise (though
slightly more liberal.)  As weird as he looked personally, his decision was
Presidential.It should have been ducked - and there is no decision as much as he would wish otherwise - the power of the market and hunt for fame and fortune - globalization et al will drive the research not Bush.

Public opinion is all over the place and depends on how the question is asked. As Dan Rather said you could not understand the issue from TV news but had to read a quality newspaper. The activist who are driving the country into a corner due to the baser passions, angers and fears are not only the great unwashed but a minority of smart political activist that motivate single issue voters who take advantage of their ignorance.
 
People who are thoughtful and understanding of real moral issues find themselves is strange company. Believe me Republicans are no more or less moral than Democrats - the pro-life position is not a sign of spiritual growth and deep thoughts. The bulk of the support for pro-life has nothing to do with the issue but social change - there are less industrial jobs than 30 years ago and 1/3 as much in proportion to all work, they have gone overseas - in the cotton and clothes industry, in manufacture, in agriculture millions are replaced with few skills relevant to a service society.  Where is the center of the hard right - the same parts of Carolina that caused the civil war, Scot Irish Unionist around Bob Jones University.  These people are not the public face or spokesman but the activist who overturn school boards about evolution ( Lake county ) rally as troops for the republican right and carried north Florida for George Wallace.
 
The Reagan landslide or southern strategy of Lee Rainwater was to divide economic interests - pro-business low tax republicans to vote their interests -while using school prayer, right to life, city on the hill, tokens and symbols to get southern white small town males at the backbone of working class republicans taken over from George Wallace and get them to vote against their economic interest.
 
http://www.gallup.com/Poll/releases/pr010814.asp
 
Those who are opposed to *embryonic* stem cell research are between 30% and 70% of the nation, using the most biased polls in either direction.  Gallup's recent poll says that prior to the Bush speech 47% of the population believes it is immoral while 47% do not.  Following the speech approval of Bush's position went up to 55% for non speech watchers and 66% for those who watched.
 
Peter, you can't really be saying that the political opposition to embryonic stem cell research is driven by "displaced rural and working class people" (you later define these terms as hillbillies, poor white trash, and trailer park dwellers.)  Imagine!  Half of all Americans living in trailer parks!  If Bush had gotten Florida's trailer park vote we would never have had to suffer the recount.
 
He got a lot more of the poor than he deserves with the Republican program. Why would poor vote republican? You know activist centered on the abortion issue is jerking them around. So if Bush got 30 % of the white poor that makes a big difference. I know teachers and others who are natural Democrats who voted Republican because they thought the party was more moral - look at Clinton - Republicans are better hypocrites - thought there is a lot of competition for fakery - Bush wins by promising the rich they can duck their social responsibilities and the poor by being GOD fearing pro gun country boy vs. the evil liberal hippy pro abortion welfare mother pro crime black loving democrats.
 
This sounds like the worst caricature of those who vote red on the map.  And if Democrats keep believing that social conservatives are hillbillies they will continue to lose.
 
No, American citizens are not dumb sheep.  Those of us on either side know that this issue is about morality at its deepest level, and the kind of world we want for our grandchildren.
 

What the stem cell issue is “really” about:

 

It is not about life, not about conception, not about religion, the soul or spirit, no reason nor science nor logic will matter one wit because it’s all about the last gasps of a displaced rural and working class population who are mad as hell and won’t take it anymore.  Something should be done about the real concerns of rural and working class people being displaced by global and technological forces. But that would cost money and symbolism is cheaper, also real mobilization could threaten the power structure or require real change. The Democrats could undercut the Christian right by serious attention to their real needs but doesn’t seem to want to do that.

 

The stem cell issue is mostly hypocrisy and politics.  There is a powerful “right to life” lobby that swings a lot of weight in Republican primaries, with the Christian Coalition working hard to control the party apparatus, and elections can be won or loss on their issues.  In order to maintain their position against abortion, life must begin at conception as an article of faith. It does not come from doctrine but is made into doctrine. WHY?

 

They don’t really care about life – or they would think about the death penalty, would be less military adventurous (they supported the war in Vietnam), drive safer, control deadly weapons, worry about tobacco, public health and world hunger, Aids, etc. They don’t care about religion or they would be more Christian, they don’t care about what others think or do – it is all about frustration, anger, and acting out. It is an expressive not functional activity. That nothing results doesn’t matter.

 

What they care about is: the loss of millions of well paying jobs and status by white males with limited skills and education.  Some of whom become dependent on their wife’s income or she is making more than he is.

 

The domination of white rural and industrial working males over women and minorities is important.  Like the anti-hero in a streetcar named Desire; lower class men from rural and working class backgrounds don’t have much social status. They can take comfort in the status of being at least a white male – with a clear pecking order over white females of the same class or lower and have them do the woman’s work, then both white women and men have it over black males, at the bottom under black females (who do the most unpleasant tasks) are Chinese and other non-while foreigners left to tot and heave at the underside of the social order. 

 

Above the hill billies, poor white trash, trailer park underprivileged is everyone who takes advantage of them, those who look down on them, people who think they are better than them because of a skilled occupation, education, urban white-collar professionals, and the all the media, professors and bosses that are disliked sometimes hated.

 

Abortion upsets the social structure – women are not barefoot, dependent and pregnant.  Uppity women, then blacks don’t know their place, and their fragile hold on social standing is gone with the winds of change.  Sex, drugs, rock and roll – reform churches, liberal politics or education – the CULTURAL WAR – was focused on the anti-Viet man hippies but shifted to abortion after that issue became moot along with the religion of being anti-communist.

 

Second, in social and psychological motivation after status is feeling part of some group – being a Limbaugh ditto head, a raving evangelical, a die hard go Pat go right wing fanatic, are signs of the true believers who define themselves in activities for some cause.   Some Anti-Globalisation protesters are displaced youth who need a cause. A hopeless cause has advantages; a minority position defines the insiders and separates them from the dreaded “other”, it makes it special and straightens group solidarity.

 

So there is no reason here to debate the facts. Reason doesn’t matter. Politicians will continue to pander to the prejudices of activist as long as their votes count. The gun issue overlaps and the two together really matter in getting elected over the south and west, and are important elsewhere.  So elected congressmen will babble the most complete nonsense, serious journalist and commentators will look for meaning, the President will pretend to think deeply, about nothing – all fake and fraud, where the emperor is in his old underwear but no one notices.

 

It is not about life, not about conception, not about religion, the soul or spirit but about the last gasps of a displaced rural and working class population who are mad as hell and won’t take it anymore. 

 

 

 

Why business will like the government limits on stem cells?

ATIS CRIS GERN NVS ORG STEM 

Menlo Park, Calif.-based Geron (nasdaq: GERN - news - people), the leading embryonic stem-cell company, is a notoriously volatile retail stock. Other stem-cell companies, such as Curis (nasdaq: CRIS - news - people) and StemCells (nasdaq: STEM - news - people), work with adult stem cells, which are less flexible cells derived from skin. http://www.forbes.com/2001/06/12/0612dnabrave.html 

Some researchers believe that the process used to clone animals might be important in stem cell research. Researchers would clone one of the patient's own cells. They would destroy the embryo used in the process, creating stem cells that would not be rejected by the patient's body

 They control the limited stocks developed at high costs and demanding high prices. The stock should have gone up not down with federal limits. What kind of business - science is this? Universities, individuals, companies moving much faster than governments. It takes 12 months for a peer reviewed article to appear in a journal under normal conditions - now the activity is much much faster. It takes a year to get a grant, and more to set up a new federal research program. Even the PC revolution took longer - design, production and distribution. Now private capital moves in quickly - last year Some companies are already moving into clinical trials for products that, they are quick to point out, might serve a vast pool of patients: the estimated 2 million people with severe osteoarthritis or Parkinson's disease. Millions with other problems

Boston Globe Online: Print it!

THIS STORY HAS BEEN FORMATTED FOR EASY PRINTING


 

Scientific maverick on a quest for old age 'cure'

 

By Raja Mishra, Globe Staff, 8/19/2001

President Bush's nationally televised address on stem cells last week was prompted, in part, by the handiwork of Michael West. It was West who sponsored the first-ever harvesting of stem cells from an embryo. Now, as head of Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, he pushes the limits of cloning.

A self-proclaimed scientific provocateur, West these days lectures Congress and debates philosophers on the morality of his work, focusing on the cures it might deliver. But his career has long been driven by a more mythical goal: to help humans live forever.

There was a time when West was routinely laughed out of meetings for explaining how science would ''cure'' old age. A decade ago, no one was really listening but Miller Quarles, a rich Texas oilman who wanted desperately to live to 200.

In the 11 years years since West met Quarles, the curious friendship between scientist and investor helped propel West from the fringes of research to his place today at the center of the new biology, which promises miracle cures while roiling society in the process.

And behind West's remarkable trajectory lies an obsession with the seductive notion that humanity can outwit death.

''I figured Mike would find the longevity gene so we could have a lifespan as long as the Galapagos turtles,'' said Quarles, now 86 and recovering from prostate cancer in Houston. ''As far as I'm concerned, he could find the fountain of youth.''

For at least part of his early career, West wasn't a scientist at all. He had studied physics at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N.Y., but decided to return home to Niles, Mich., to help run the family automotive business. He began delving into theology, eventually enrolling at Andrews University, a Seventh-day Adventist college in Michigan.

He sought to reconcile science with his growing fervor for a literal interpretation of the Bible. Even today, he says, ''I think I know more about religion than science.''

But spirituality led him back to the lab. He developed an interest in human suffering. Behind suffering was disease. And behind disease was aging. ''Aging is killing everyone,'' he said.

West enrolled in medical school in Dallas, but what captured his attention was the work being done in a local lab where he worked part-time. There, researchers were studying the aging of cells, specifically telomeres, the caps at the end of DNA strings that shorten every time a cell divides. When they run out, the DNA is exposed to damage, and the cell fatally malfunctions.

West thought: If these telomeres could be lengthened, perhaps cell destruction could be forestalled. He quit medical school and earned a doctorate in cell biology in 1989 from Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. Though immersed in science, his study of faith still infused his work.

''Immortality has been worshiped since ancient times,'' he said. ''The early Egyptians noticed the sun was immortal, vanishing at night but always returning the next day. So they worship ed the sun as a god.''

West returned to Michigan to replace his father at the head of the family auto business, with the idea of selling the company to finance his new dream, the Geron Corp. Geron means ''old man'' in Greek, and with the company, West intended to spur a revolution in aging.

He pitched dozens of venture capitalists on his plan to isolate the gene for telomerase, the enzyme that keeps telomeres long and cells vigorous. Geron would try to slow aging by activating the gene in patients. But investors weren't buying.

''I was proposing an incredible story,'' he said.

His savings dwindled. Then he met Miller Quarles.

Quarles, then 76, was a noted geophysicist with a knack for sniffing out oil. In retirement, he had written a never-published book, ''Flirtation by Married People,'' inspired by his second divorce. But with every year, he grew more fearful of death.

Quarles - whose avowed goal is to be the first person to live to 200 - began swallowing 55 vitamin pills a day and practicing karate in search of longevity. He founded the Cure Old Age Disease Society (motto: ''COADS seeks to eliminate aging altogether''). And he decided that only science could conquer aging.

''I was having an extremely happy life. Why would I have to die? I didn't want to die,'' Quarles recalls saying to West when they first met. ''Hell, we should be able to do as good as turtles.''

Though their backgrounds differed, both men recall being struck by the other's passion for thwarting death. Quarles gave West $50,000 and new hope.

''Most people don't think about aging and death. We push it out of our minds,'' said West. ''But Miller is not afraid to look death in the face and say: Let's not die anymore.''

The money gave West the means to sell his idea more aggressively. Soon, he won an audience with New York venture capitalists known for taking risks on biotech. He left that 1992 meeting with $7.5 million.

He started Geron in Hayward, Calif., painting a giant hourglass on the wall of the office lobby. He secured an A-list board of scientific advisers, including Eric Lander, leader of the human genome project at MIT's Whitehead Institute, and Nobel laureate James Watson, one of the discoverers of DNA's structure.

In late 1992, Geron began work on isolating the telomerase gene, working with Thomas Cech, Nobel-winning chemist at the University of Colorado. In August 1997, they hit paydirt: They found the gene.

But Geron had begun to suffer internal strife. West had been pushed off the telomere project. And he had become convinced that telomeres were only part of the story of aging.

A colleague mentioned that a researcher named James Thomson at the University of Wisconsin had isolated stem cells from monkey embryos. These primordial cells can change into any of the 200 or so cell types in the body, and had long been a Holy Grail of cell biology. West imagined growing new organs with Thomson's stem cells, in effect reversing the aging process one organ at a time.

''The next day I was in his office,'' said West.

Because Congress had banned funding of all research on embryos, Thomson had only limited private funds to extend his research into extracting stem cells from human embryos. But West had a more tempting deal: Geron would pay the research bills in exchange for the rights to any embryonic stem cells Thomson could harvest. Thomson agreed.

Meanwhile, tensions grew at Geron. The company leaders, drawn from the business sector, had come to see West's fixation on extending life as bizarre, and they worried that Wall Street would, too. As a result they had refocused the company on developing disease cures and moved West into a peripheral job.

''I was getting tied up in meetings about how many drinking fountains we needed,'' he said. So he quit.

Earlier, he had heard about a provocative experiment by James Robl at the University of Massachusetts veterinary school in Amherst. Robl and graduate student Jose Cibelli had taken cells from inside Cibelli's cheek and blood, and fused them with 52 separate cow eggs. One survived and multiplied in a test tube, coming to resemble a human embryo. They kept the interspecies cloning experiment secret for fear of public outcry. But West was enthralled.

Robl worked with Advanced Cell Technology, a cow genetics company owned by a massive Thai agribusiness conglomerate. West wanted in, but needed money to enact his plans. Once again, he called on his friend in Texas.

Quarles contributed about $350,000, at one point owning a tenth of ACT. With Quarles as a minority partner, and with help from others, West bought ACT.

The company, in a bustling Worcester high-tech office park, still earns most of its money selling genetically engineered cows to pharmaceutical companies for their organic compounds. But in 1998, West redirected the company's research talent to cloning human embryos in order to get their stem cells.

As West was making career changes, stem cell science was exploding. Thomson at the University of Wisconsin, using Geron money, isolated the first human embryonic stem cells. Another Geron-funded scientist at Johns Hopkins University made a similar breakthrough days later.

At ACT, West envisioned taking a person's DNA and inserting it into a human egg. A new embryo would result - a clone. Stem cells could be harvested from these embryos, creating a personal set of the primordial cells that could be used to treat diseases specifically in the donor of the DNA. The stem cell DNA would match the patient. This would preclude genetic complications, a major problem in treating disease. If stem-cell research lives up to its potential, this indeed could be how future medicine works.

As the stem cell debate was heating up this summer, word leaked out about what West was up to. A public already squeamish about embryo research grew more uncomfortable at the whiff of science fiction added by human cloning. And West, unknown most of his career, stepped into the spotlight to defend the science being hatched in his lab. ''I couldn't be more certain that this is the right thing to do,'' he said.

Now West focuses more on disease cures, but has not given up his quest to conquer aging. He points out that taking an adult cell and cloning it is akin to sending it back in time - to reverse its aging.

''The most fundamental problem of humanity,'' he said, ''remains aging.''

As for Quarles, he says: ''Mike's my hero, and my best hope to live a long time.''

This story ran on page A1 of the Boston Globe on 8/19/2001.
© Copyright 2001 Globe Newspaper Company.

 

 

 

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  1. http://www.btinternet.com/~ms_pages/StemCellsGrowninLabs.html
    More MS news articles for May 2000 Neural Cells, Grown in Labs, Raise Hopes for Brain Disease Cures http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/053000sci-stem-cells.html May 30, 2000 By ANDREW POLLACK Sylvia Elam saw the benefits of her opera
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  2. StemCells, Inc., a leader in stem cell biology and cell transplantation
    StemCells, Inc. is a company engaged in the discovery andcommercialization of stem cells to treat diseases of thecentral nervous system (CNS), liver and pancreas.
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  4. The Business of Stem Cells
    Science, 25. Feb 2000, Vol 287, No. 5457, page 1419. The Business of Stem Cells. Human stem cells have become one of the hottest areas in biotech as...
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  5. The Center for the Study of Technology and Society - Biotechnology   new
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  6. geron corporation
    Geron Corporation is a biopharmaceutical company that isfocused on discovering, developing and commercializingtherapeutic and diagnostic products for applications inoncology, drug discovery and regenerative medicine.
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  7. Applied Genetics News: Liver Cells from Blood Stem Cells.(Brief Article)
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  8. Layton BioScience, Inc. : What's New
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  9. AstraZeneca Home Page
    international biosciences company engaged in the research, development, manufacture, and marketing of ethical pharmaceuticals, agricultural and specialty chemicals products, and the supply of healthcare services.
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  10. Ethics of Reproductive Technologies   new
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  11. Welcome to GoLive CyberStudio 3
    NEURAL IMPLANT TECHNOLOGIES (from the December 1999 issue) Thirteen months ago, NI completed a two-part review of neural implant strategies, with the second part focusing on human stem cell programs. Within one week of its publication, the area
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  12. Applied Genetics News: Which Came First, Stem Cell or the Egg?   new
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  13. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)   new
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  14. Local Firms Among Players in Stem-Cell Research (washingtonpost.com)
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  15. Local Firms Among Players in Stem-Cell Research (washingtonpost.com)   new
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  16. Prometheus Bound: Cloning Bears Identical Reactions   new
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  17. invest
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  19. Cloning: A Special Report   new
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  20. Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy homepage
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  21. Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Computational Biosciences   new
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  22. News
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  23. Osiris: Home Page Osiris: Home Page Content. Osiris: Copyright Footer   new
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  24. Yahoo! Finance - STEMCELLS INC - Quarterly Report (SEC form 10-Q)
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  25. LLNL - Biology and Biotechnology Research Program   new
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  26. YouthCell Technologies, Inc.
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  27. Stem Cells
    Web site for Stem Cells.
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  28. B-119 Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering: Emerging Products
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  29. Cloning and Stem Cell Research - Wrong Motives on Both Sides of the Atlantic   new
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  30. Scientific American: Cloning For Medicine   new
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  31. Yahoo! Finance - Balance Sheet for STEMCELLS INC
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  32. Aastrom Biosciences, Inc.   new
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  33. Issue No. 401
    Medical Technology Stock Letter
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  34. Human Cloning Foundation   new
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  35. Yahoo / Market Guide - StemCells, Inc.
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  36. Scientific American: Cloning Hits the Big Time   new
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  37. pharmalicensing.com: company news: archive: Biotechnology
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  38. Welcome to BresaGen   new
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  39. Human Genomics   new
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  40. New Scientist: Cloning Special Report   new

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  41. Yahoo! Finance - AASTROM BIOSCIENCES INC - form 8-K   new
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  42. chemera.com   new
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  43. Scientific American Presents: Feature Article: Mother Nature's Menders: June 2   new
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  44. NeuralSTEM Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.   new
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  45. News Page
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  46. Scientific American: In Focus: Culturing New Life: June 1998   new
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  47. Bioethics.net   new
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  48. SCINI: News
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  49. American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics   new
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  50. Stem Cells: A Primer   new
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  51. Mary K. Wirtz, Ph.D.   new
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  52. Yahoo! Finance - SELECT THERAPEUTICS INC - Quarterly Report (SEC form 10QSB)   new
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  53. FBS, A JOURNAL AND VIRTUAL LIBRARY   new
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  54. A Question of Genes: Inherited Risk   new
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  55. Tissue Engineering   new
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  57. Yahoo! News Full Coverage-Stem Cell Research   new
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  58. http://www.infinitefaculty.com/sci/cr/crs/2000_12.txt
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  59. Agrupacion Catolica Universitaria - Stem Cells - Celulas Ectaminales   new
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  60. BOXER-Infodienst: Regenerative Energie   new
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  61. Oklahoma State University - Stem Cuttings   new
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  62. Stem Cells' Slow Promise (washingtonpost.com)   new
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  63. Diacrin, Inc.   new
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  64. Nature's Brain Specialist: Neural Stem Cell Research on the Rise
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  65. NeuralStem Gets $5Mil Injection   new
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  66. Yahoo! - StemCells Inc Company News   new
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  67. LION Bioscience AG Home Page   new

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  68. http://www.imrmall.com/bcc/chapters/0290/toc.shtml
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  69. Gerontological Society of America   new
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  70. Yahoo / Market Guide - Diacrin, Inc.   new
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  71. Life: A Study of Genetics and Molecular Biology   new
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  72. Advances In Research: Stem Cells   new
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  73. BioExplorer: BioScience Links   new
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  74. Web Directory: WWW Virtual Library of Biosciences - Yeast   new
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  75. Brain Injury Society: Spring/Summer 1999 Issue
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  76. Cell Therapy Clinic - World Largest Experience in Embryonic Stem Cell Transplantation   new
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  77. AAAS: Stem Cell Research & Applications   new
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  78. BBC News | SCI/TECH | Stem cells promise liver repair   new
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  79. http://www.imrmall.com/bcc/chapters/0399/toc.shtml
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  80. BBC News | SCI/TECH | Step forward in stem cell control   new
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  81. Events in Bioscience and Medicine
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  83. http://silk.nih.gov/silk/brownbooks/sbir/detail/fy95
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  84. AgBiotechNet - Topics - Animal Cloning: includes cloning of Dolly the sheep by Wilmut...   new
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  85. American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology   new
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  86. Lamarck_com\biosites   new
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  87. Biotech's 'Next Big Ticket'?
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  89. OSIRIS Home Page   new
    This site contains the full text of Australian FederalAwards, Agreements, Decisions, Variations and DecisionSummaries from the Australian Industrial RelationsCommission and is maintained by DEWRSB
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  90. pharmalicensing.com: company news: archive: Pharmaceutical
    Sunday, 22 July 2001 Front page News Headlines Weblog Releases PR Newswire Search ">Archive Events Features Companies Licensing Solutions Sales Register Log in Info company news: archive: Pharmaceutical Celera to Buy Axys (14 Jun 2001) Bristol-M
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